Nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv overload, cov ntaub ntawv ceev yog txhua yam. Los ntawm cov lus teb tam sim ntawd ntawm cov xov tooj smartphones mus rau kev sib pauv loj hauv cov chaw zov me nyuam, tom qab nws tag nrho yog ib qho nyuaj thiab meej "lub paj hlwb"- siab - ceev luam ntawv Circuit Court board (PCB). Kev tsim thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm high-PCBs ceev tau ntev dhau los ntawm kev sib txuas yooj yim; nws yog ib qho kev txiav-ntug engineering kos duab sib koom ua ke electromagnetics, thermodynamics, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, thiab yog lub hauv paus tsim kom muaj kev ua tau zoo thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub no.
I. Tsim Ua ntej: Daim Ntawv Qhia meej meej npaj ua ntej ua
Kev vam meej ntawm kev siab -PCB ceev nyob ntawm 80% ntawm nws tus qauv tsim. Qhov no yog deb tshaj qhov yooj yim routing; nws yuav tsum tau rau pem hauv ntej- saib kev npaj thiab kev suav lej.
Topology thiab Signal Integrity (SI): Cov neeg tsim qauv yuav tsum ua zoo li cov phiaj xwm tsheb, ua ntej - npaj "txoj hauv kev" ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb (xws li moos thiab cov khub sib txawv). Reflections, crosstalk, thiab lub suab nrov hauv av yog txhua tus tua neeg ntawm lub teeb liab kev ncaj ncees. Los ntawm kev tswj cov impedance meej, cov tswv yim txiav tawm tsim nyog, thiab cov kev cai nruj nruj (xws li sib npaug-ntev xaim), siab- cov cim zaus tau ua kom pom tseeb thiab cuam tshuam - pub dawb thaum sib kis.
Lub Hwj Chim Kev Ncaj Ncees (PI): Siab - cov chips ceev yuav tsum muaj qhov hloov pauv loj heev rau kev hloov tam sim. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis huv zoo li lub qhov dej tsis ruaj khov, ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo. Yog li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm ntau- txheej txheej pawg thawj coj saib, ua tib zoo npaj lub zog faib hluav taws xob (PDN), thiab siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas los muab cov suab nrov qis, qis- impedance zog rau cov nti yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC): Cov khoom siv yuav tsum tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab nraud yam tsis muaj suab nrov. Kev tswj cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv cov qauv los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim nyog- tsim qauv, kev faib dav hlau hauv av, daim ntaub thaiv npog, thiab cov txheej txheem lim dej yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom pov thawj thiab kev lag luam nkag.
II. Kev siv ntau lawm: Precise Control ntawm Millimeter Level
Tom qab kev tsim qauv tsim tiav, siab -kev tsim khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav lub hom phiaj tsim. Txhua qhov tsis zoo me me tuaj yeem ua rau tsis ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov khoom lag luam.
Kev xaiv cov khoom siv: Ordinary FR-4 cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj qhov poob loj ntawm cov khoom siv siab. High-speed PCBs feem ntau siv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb uas tsis tshua muaj qhov poob qis (Df) thiab ruaj khov dielectric tsis tu ncua (Dk), xws li cov los ntawm Rogers thiab Taconic, kom txo cov teeb liab attenuation thiab theem distortion.
Precision Machining thiab nruj tswj:
Khiav Dav/Spacing Control: Siab- cov kab teeb liab ceev muaj qhov xav tau impedance siab heev; lawv qhov dav thiab qhov sib nrug nrog cov neeg sib txuas sib txuas yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis, nrog kev kam rau siab feem ntau ntawm qib micrometer.
Layer Alignment: Qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg hauv lub rooj tsavxwm multilayer ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cov teeb liab zoo thiab kev ntseeg tau. Lub siab - qhov kev ua kom zoo sib xws yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj tseeb ntawm kev sib txuas.
Kev Kho Hniav: Rau cov xwm txheej sib txawv (xws li kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlau, kev ua haujlwm siab - zaus), cov txheej txheem kho saum npoo tsim nyog (xws li ENIG, ENEPIG, immersion silver) raug xaiv los xyuas kom meej cov ntaub qhwv thiab cov teeb liab kis tau zoo.
III. Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Ntsuas: Kab kawg ntawm kev tiv thaiv kom zoo
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tsim thiab kev tsim khoom yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev txheeb xyuas nruj.
Kev Ntsuas Tus Qauv: Tom qab thawj cov qauv tsim tawm, kev ua tiav cov teeb liab kev ncaj ncees, lub zog ruaj khov, thiab kev ntsuas lub sijhawm yuav tsum tau ua nrog cov khoom siv xws li Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) thiab lub sijhawm tiag tiag - oscilloscope. Cov txiaj ntsig tau muab piv nrog cov txiaj ntsig simulation kom paub tseeb tias tus qauv tsim tau raws li cov qauv.
Design for Manufacturability (DFM) Review: Ua ntej kev tsim khoom, kev sib raug zoo nrog PCB cov chaw tsim khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tshuaj xyuas DFM los xyuas kom meej tias tus qauv tsim ua tau raws li lub Hoobkas cov txheej txheem muaj peev xwm, zam cov teeb meem xws li tsis muaj peev xwm tsim khoom lossis tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
Xaus
Kev tsim thiab tsim khoom ntawm high -PCBs ceev yog qhov sib txuas ntawm cov nqi sib txuas. Kev tsim qauv zoo tshaj plaws nteg lub hauv paus rau kev ua haujlwm siab, kev tsim khoom raug hloov pauv cov duab kos rau hauv kev muaj tiag, thiab kev sim nruj yog qhov kawg lav ntawm qhov zoo. Hauv qhov kev sib tw no ntsuas hauv gigahertz (GHz), tsuas yog los ntawm kev tswj hwm tus cwj pwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm nruj thiab siv cov cuab yeej tsim kho thiab cov txheej txheem ua tau zoo tuaj yeem peb taug qab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab tsim lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau lub hnub nyoog digital.